POINTS ONLY : ENT (Oto-Rhino-Laryngology)

These section of 'POINTS ONLY ' consists of random points of very importance in each subjects, asked previously in many exams and  made specifically for the purpose of quick revision.

1. HO's Triangle / Supraclavicular fossa --  involvement of this region in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is N3b irrespective of the size of the tumor. T4 in NP Ca is involvement of orbit, cranial nerves, infratempral fossa, hypopharynx.

NOTE: Even a 6cm node in NP Ca is considered to be N1 and not N2 as in other Head and Neck Cancers.

Extension into the PNS is T3.

2. Diurnal Headache : Frontal Sinusitis.

(Note: Postural headache is seen in Colloid Cyst -Brain)

3. Type of Rhinitis with no use of Nasal Decongestants - HYPERTROPHIC RHINITIS (b'coz of fibrosis)

4. Perez Bacillus - is Klebsiella ozaena.

5. Mass of several normal tissue at abnormal site : CHORISTOMA

6. Malformed normal tissue, at it's normal site is : HAMARTOMA eg:Hemangioma.

7. Bleeding Polyp of the nose : HEMANGIOMA of NASAL SEPTUM.

8. Commonest virus causing rhinitis : Rhino virus in >50%.

9. Distance between nasal spine and sphenoid sinus -- 7cm in adult, at an angle of 30 degrees.

10. SARDINA's Approach (Transpalatine + Sublabial) and DENKER's Approach are used for - Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

11. Indicators of Radiotherapy in NP-Angiofibroma : 

               a) Extension into intracranial cavity.

               b) When the feeding vessel is a branch of Internal Carotid Artery.

12. Sluder's Neuralgia : is Sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia.

13. STEEPLE Sign is seen in : CROUP / Acute Laryngotracheobronchtis. 

(See Pic 2 is a Steeple)

14. THUMB Sign : is seen in Acute Epiglottitis.

15. 'Sinus of Morgagni Syndrome' = TROTTER's Triad of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

will be updated soon.

16. Structures passing between skull and superior constrictor

GO TO PART 2 HERE.