Dacryocystitis

MCC of Chronic Dacryo-cystitis is Co.N.S ( Coagulase Negative Staphlococci) >> Staph aureus > Strep. Pneumoniae.


MCC of Acute Dacryocystitis - Staph. aureus.

Cohen-Woods Classification of Lactic Acidosis

Classification of Some Causes of Lactic Acidosis (Cohen & Woods, 1976)


Type A Lactic Acidosis : Clinical Evidence of Inadequate Tissue Oxygen Delivery

- Anaerobic muscular activity (eg sprinting, generalised convulsions)

- Tissue hypoperfusion (eg shock -septic, cardiogenic or hypovolaemic; hypotension; cardiac arrest; acute heart failure; regional hypoperfusion esp mesenteric ischaemia; malaria8,9)

- Reduced tissue oxygen delivery or utilisation (eg hypoxaemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, severe anaemia)



Type B Lactic Acidosis: No Clinical Evidence of Inadequate Tissue Oxygen Delivery

type B1 : Associated with underlying diseases (eg ketoacidosis, leukaemia, lymphoma, AIDS)

type B2: Assoc with drugs & toxins (eg phenformin, cyanide, beta-agonists, methanol, nitroprusside infusion, ethanol intoxication in chronic alcoholics, anti-retroviral drugs)

type B3: Assoc with inborn errors of metabolism (eg congenital forms of lactic acidosis with various enzyme defects eg pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency)

Note: This list does not include all causes of lactic acidosis



Ref : http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab8_1.php

BLASKOVICS OPERATION

Posterior approach blepharoptosis surgery, via the transconjunctival route, was probably the first method of surgery employed to shorten the levator muscle. In 1923 Blaskovics first described his technique of  extensive dissection of the levator muscle (LPS) from its surrounding structures prior to its resection.