Medical Eponyms Letter B

Medical Eponyms Letter B

1. Babes-Ernst granules are ‘metachromatic granules’ in Coynebacterium diphtheria. Also called as ‘ Volutin bodies’. Stains used are Albert’s stain, Ponder’s stain and Neisser’s stain.

2. Baghdad boil - Leishmaniasis - This disease is also known as Leichmaniosis, Leishmaniose, leishmaniose, and formerly, Orient Boils, Baghdad Boil, kala azar, black fever, sandfly disease, Dum-Dum fever or espundia.Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites that belong to the genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of certain species of sand fly, including flies in the genus Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. The disease was named in 1901 for the Scottish pathologist William Boog Leishman.

3. Ball’s disease is intracerebral or intrapulmonary leukocytostasis - potentially fatal complication of acute leukemia (especially AML) when peripheral blast cell count >100000/µL; leukemic cells capable of invading through endothelium and causing hemorrhage into brain; not generally seen with CLL or CML.

4. Bancroft’s sign is in deep vein thrombosis - compression of calf forward against tibia causing more pain than horizontal compression when gastrocnemius muscle is lifted; also referred to as Moses’s sign.

5. Bang’s disease is brucellosis.

6. Bannayan-Ruvalcaba-Riley syndrome is Bannayan-Zonana syndrome.

7. Barraquer-Simons syndrome is acquired partial lipodystrophy; presents usually around 8-10. Preceded generally by an acute viral infection; spares legs and hips; 1/3 of patients develop membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN).

8. Bateman’s senile purpura is purpura following trauma to severely sun-damaged skin of the dorsal forearm of elderly persons; months may be required for resolution of pigmentation from hemorrhage.

9. Batten’s disease is later-onset ceroid lipofuscinosis - CLN3 - also used to describe juvenile form specifically; in general a group of conditions characterized by mental impairment - worsening seizures - and progressive loss of sight and motor skills related to buildup of lipopigments.

10. Bechterew’s disease is ankylosing spondylitis.

11. Behçet’s disease is triad of aphthous ulcers - genital ulcerations - and ocular inflammation (posterior uveitis) (RAG-E). Associated with erythema nodosum - cutaneous pustular vasculitis - also synovitis - CNS vasculitis involving brain stem - thrombophlebitis - and positive pathergy response. Described by Turkish dermatologist Behçet in 1937; also known as Silk Road disease due to clustering of cases along the Silk Road.

12. Bell’s palsy is seventh nerve palsy; seen as a complication in diabetes - tumors - sarcoidosis - AIDS - and Lyme disease.

13. Berardinelli-Seip syndrome is congenital generalized lipodystrophy - apparent at birth - infants look very muscular due to absence of fat - associated with diabetes - hepatomegaly - acanthosis nigricans - enlarged external genitalia - and increased rate of skeletal growth.

14. Berger’s disease is IgA nephropathy - ESRD develops in 15% of cases at 10 years and 20% at 20 years - treated with steroids in certain instances.

15. Berger's hernia - hernia into the pouch of the Douglas is called Berger’s hernia.

16. Bergmann gliosis is in ethanol abuse - proliferation of astrocytes adjacent to lost Purkinje cells between depleted granular cell and molecular layer of cerebellum.

17. Bernheim effect - reverse is in pulmonary embolism - right ventricular failure causing septum to bulge into and compromise left ventricular filling.

18. Bertin - renal columns of, is the spaces between adjacent pyramids where cortical tissue extends into.

19. Best disease is vitelliform macular dystrophy type 2 (VMD2) - characterized by gradual loss of visual acuity starting in their teenage years; accumulation of lipofuscin in retinal pigment epithelium; markedly abnormal electro-oculogram (EOG)-IOC in all stages of progression and in phenotypically normal carriers; autosomal dominant - from mutation in VMD2 gene; first described in 1905.

20. Betz cells are large pyramidal cells in layer 5 of primary motor cortex largest neurons in mammalian CNS; 30,000-40,000 Betz cells in precentral gyrus in one side of the brain.

21. Bezold-Jarisch reflex is activation of receptors in the atria - great veins - and left ventricle causing increased parasympathetic tone and decreased sympathetic activity leading to a combination of hypotension and bradycardia with a sudden increase in coronary flow.

22. Bickerstaff’s encephalitis is brain stem encephalitis

23. Bier block is IVRA or intravenous regional anesthesia of an extremity by placing a tourniquet and then infusing local anesthetic into a vein.

24. Biette’s collarette is in syphilis - a thin white ring of scales on the surface of a lesion.

25. Billroth’s cords is splenic cords found in the red pulp between the sinusoids - consisting mainly of fibrils and connective tissue cells.

26. Bing’s sign is extensor plantar response by pricking the dorsal surface of the big toe with a pin suggesting upper motor neuron defect.

27. Birbeck’s granules is aka Langerhans’s granules; a small tennis racket-shaped membrane-bound granule with characteristic cross-striated internal ultrastructure seen in Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

28. Bishop’s score is scoring system for determining whether or not induction of labor will be successful - based on 5 criteria (scored from 0-3): position - cervical consistency - degree of effacement - dilatation - and station; score >9 suggests that induction will be successful.

29. Blaschkow - lines of is patterning of a variety of linear nevi as well as linear patterning of commonly acquired diseases such as psoriasis - scleroderma - and lichen planus - including V shape over the upper spine - S shape of the abdomen - inverted U shape from the breast area - and perpendicular lines down lower extremities; cannot be explained by distribution of cutaneous nerve - lines of cleavage - nor blood vessels or lymphatics; first described in 1901.

30. Blau’s syndrome is granulomatous synovitis - non granulomatous uveitis - cranial neuropathies; resembles childhood sarcoidosis; no lung involvement; associated with mutations in NOD2/CARD15 gene; first described in 1985.

31. Blomstrand dysplasia is rare lethal disorder characterized by an increase in bone density and advanced skeletal maturationfrom inactivating mutation in PTHR-1 gene (also Jansen metaphyseal chondrodysplasia where there is an activating mutation).

32. Boas’s sign is right subscapular pain due to cholelithiasis – (7%).

33. Bohr equation is Vd/Vt - for determining ratio of physiologic dead space.

34. Bornholm disease is coxsackie virus producing pleurodynia - fever - cough - sore throat - myalgias in shoulder - chest - and abdomen; Bornholm is a Danish island in Baltic sea.

35. Boston sign is in thyrotoxicosis - jerking of the lagging lid.

36. Bowen’s disease is squamous cacrinoma in situ - seen generally on sun-exposed areas.

37. Boxer’s fracture is fracture of the metacarpal neck - classically of small finger.

38. Briquet’s Syndrome is Somatization disorder.

39. Brodie’s abscess is small - intraosseus abscess that frequently involves the cortex and is walled off by reactive bone.

40. Brodman area is neuro anatomical classification of the cortex based on its cyto architecture into 52 areas; e.g. precentral gyrus Brodman 4 - striate cortex Brodman 17.

41. Brugada syndrome is defect in an ion channel gene resulting in abnormal electrophysiologic activity in the right ventricle and characterized by (1) ST segment elevation in V1-V3 - (2) right bundle branch block - (3) sudden cardiac death - (4) grossly normal heart.

42. Brunner’s glands is in duodenum - submucosal mucous glands that secrete bicarbonate - glycoproteins - and pepsinogen II - virtually indistinguishable from pyloric mucous glands.

43. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase is mutation causes X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA also associated with defect in intact membrane-bound m chain (it’s essential for B-cell development) Btk found only in B cells

44. Buerger’s sign is in peripheral vascular disease - red foot becomes pale with elevation.

45. Burkitt lymphoma is tumor manifesting at extranodal sites; associated with translocation of c-myc gene on chr 8 with IgH locus (chr 14) - kappa (chr 2) - or lambda light-chain (chr 22) locus; associated with EBV infection in African variety.

46. Burnett’s syndrome is far-advanced milk-alkali syndrome - due to long-standing calcium and alkali ingestion; severe hypercalcemia - irreversible renal failure - and phosphate retention - may be accompanied by ectopic calcification; also Cope’s syndrome.

47. Burow’s solution is aluminum acetate in water - invented in mid-1800s by ophthalmologist Karl Burow (a.k.a. by its tradename Domeboro).