Medical Eponyms Letter R

314. Ramirez sign is in deep vein thrombosis - sphygmomanometer cuff placed above knee inflated to 40 mm Hg causing pain at site of thrombosis.
315. Ransons’ criteria is for evaluating acute pancreatitis at presentation - age>55; WBC>16000; glucose>200; AST>250; LDH>350. During initial 48 hrs - base deficit>4; BUN increase>5; fluid sequestration>6L; Ca <8;>10; pO2<60.
316. Rapoport-Luebering shunt is in red blood cells - pathway converting 1 -3-diphosphoglyceric acid to 2 -3-DPG and then to 3-phosphoglyceric acid; enzyme is diphosphoglycerate synthetase; 2 -3-DPG reduces affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen; 2 -3-DPG rises with alkalosis and decreases with acidosis - result of effect of pH on enzyme.
317. Rasmussen’s encephalitis is progressive childhood disease characterized by severe epilepsy - hemiplegia - dementia - and inflammation of the brain potentially from autoantibodies to GluR3 antigen.
318. Raspberry tumor - other name for - umbilical adenoma - congenital.
319. Raynaud’s phenomenon is exaggerated vascular response to cold temperatures or emotional stress - manifested by symmetrical - sharply demarcated color changes of the skin of the digits due to abnormal vasoconstriction of digital arteries and cutaneous arterioles.
320. Rebuck skin window is dermal abrasion technique for testing tissue penetration of neutrophils - scraping forearm - then putting coverslip over it - checking glass for neutrophils.
321. Regan Isoenzyme is Placental Alkaline Phosphatase(a2-heat stable form of ALP). Shows ‘Uncompetitive inhibition’ with phenylalanine.
322. Reichert’s cartilage is branchial arch 2.
323. Reinke crystals is in 25% of Leydig cell tumors - intracytoplasmic rod-shaped crystalloids.
324. Reinke’s edema is vocal cord polyposis in female smokers - 50s-70s.
325. Reiter’s syndrome is triad of arthritis - urethritis - and conjunctivitis described by Reiter in 1916 (Nazi sympathizer); 80% possess HLA-B27; associated with Shigella flexneri; ReA develops in 20% of exposed B27+ individuals; subset of reactive arthritis; triad present in 1/3 of patients; incidence estimated as 3.5/100K in males under age of 50; balanitis circinata (penis) and keratoderma blenorrhagica.
326. Retzius - veins of is numerous small veins in the retroperitoneum that connect the retroperitoneal viscera to the posterior abdominal wall; dilated in portal hypertension.
327. Reynold’s (Reynaud’s ) pentad is Charcot’s triad plus altered mental status and shock in cholangitis.
328. Reynolds' pentad is a collection of signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of septic (ascending) cholangitis, a serious infection of the biliary system. It is a combination of Charcot's triad (jaundice, fever, abdominal pain) with hypotension (shock - low blood pressure) and an altered mental state. It was named after the surgeon, B.M. Reynolds, who described it.
329. Riddoch’s sign is in cerebellar disease - with outstretched hands - the hand on the affected side begins to hyperpronate - so that the palm faces outward - and rises above the level of the other hand.
330. Rigler's sign, also known as the double wall sign, is seen on an x-ray of the abdomen when air is present on both sides of the intestine; a Rigler's sign is present when air is present on the inside (lumenal side) and the outside (peritoneal side). Air in the peritoneum is considered abnormal, unless the patient had a recent abdominal surgery. A false double wall sign can result from two loops of bowel being in contact with one another.
331. Riley-Day syndrome is hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III (familial dysautonomia) - recessive disorder that commences in infancy and is characterized by conspicuous autonomic dysfunction (absent tearing - labile temperature - and blood pressure) - and accompanied by absent taste sensation - absent fungiform papillae on tongue - impaired pain and temperature sensation - and areflexia; occurs among Ashkenazi; associated with mutation in IKBKAP gene.
332. Robison’s Ester is Glucose-6-Phosphate (See Cori’s Ester, Neuberg Ester and Harden-Young Ester).
333. Roger’s disease is small congenital VSD defect <0.5>
334. Romaña’s sign is in the first week of Chagas disease - unilateral periorbital edema and swelling of the eyelid associated with reduviid bug of eye.
335. Rosenthal fibers is inclusions that develop in astrocytes in chronic reactive and neoplastic proliferations; abundant in Alexander’s disease.
336. Rosenthal fibers is inclusions that develop in astrocytes in chronic reactive and neoplastic proliferations; abundant in Alexander’s disease.
337. Ross’s syndrome is tonic pupils (generally bilateral) - anhydrosis - and areflexia which may appear in a different pattern distribution; possible link with Holmes-Adie syndrome.
338. Rothmann-Makai syndrome is a variant of idiopathic lobular panniculitis seen in infants - tends to be localized and spontaneously resolves; associated with autoimmune diseases such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - diabetes - and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
339. Rotor’s syndrome is poorly defined defects in hepatic uptake and storage of bilirubin; resembles Dubin-Johnson syndrome - but liver pigment missing.
340. Rovsing's sign is a sign of appendicitis. If palpation of the lower left quadrant of a person's abdomen results in more pain in the right lower quadrant, the patient is said to have a positive Rovsing's sign and may have appendicitis. This anomaly occurs because the pain nerves deep in the intestines do not localize well to an exact spot on the abdominal wall, unlike pain nerves in muscles. Pain from a stomach ulcer or gallstone can be interpreted by the brain as pain from the stomach, liver, gall bladder, duodenum, or first part of the small intestine. It will "refer" pain often to the mid upper abdomen. Because the appendix is a piece of intestine, it follows a similar referral pattern.
341. RSH syndrome is Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.
342. Ruffini’s corpuscles are sensory receptors for heat.