Medical Eponyms Letter S

343. San Joaquin valley fever is coccidiomycosis (from infection with Coccidiomycosis imites).
344. Santorini’s fissures is fissures in anterior aspect of cartilaginous portion of ear canal through which neurovascular tissues pass; may allow spread of ear disease to parotid joint - TMJ - soft tissues of upper neck.
345. Sappey - veins of is retroperitoneal veins located around liver and diaphragm connecting epigastric and internal mammary veins with azygos and which become dilated in portal hypertension.
346. Schafer’s maneuver is extensor plantar response by squeezing Achilles tendon suggesting upper motor neuron defect.
347. Scheie’s syndrome is mucopolysaccharidosis (I S) - from alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency (same as Hurler’s syndrome) - milder than Hurler’s syndrome - resulting in corneal clouding - stiff joints - aortic valve disease - normal intelligence and potentially normal life span.
348. Schick’s test is for testing immune status to Cornyebacterium diphtheriae - intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of purified standardized toxin; if no inflammation - antitoxin present.
349. Schilder’s disease is adrenoleukodystrophy - X-linked disorder - presents in childhood with weakness - spasticity - leading to dementia - blindness - and quadriparesis - associated with adrenal insufficiency; from defect in beta-oxidation of fatty acids in peroxisomes leading to accumulation of very long-chain saturated fatty acids.
350. Schwachman-Diamond syndrome is combination of neutropenia - metaphyseal dysplasia - and pancreatic insufficiency - associated with recurrent infections beginning in the first year of life in the sinuses - bones - lungs - skin and urinary tract; associated with increased risk of aplasia - myelodysplasia - and leukemia; life expectancy is 35 years.
351. Schwartz’s dictum is no acid - no ulcer.
352. Second disease is Scarlet fever - aka Scarlatina - caused by Strep pyogenes exotoxin - first described in 1626.
353. Sellick’s maneuver is cricoid pressure during intubation.
354. Senear-Usher syndrome is pemphigus erythematosus; a localized variety of pemphigus foliaceus confined to seborrheic sites.
355. Siegrist streaks is linear hyperpigmented areas over choroidal vessels in hypertensive retinopathy.
356. Silk Road disease is Behçet’s disease.
357. Simon focus is in tuberculosis - nodule in subapical region which develops from hematogenous spread from initial infection in lower half of lung.
358. Sipple’s syndrome is MEN type IIa; pheochromacytoma - medullary carcinoma of the thyroid - and hyperparathyroidism due to hyperplasia or tumor.
359. Sipple’s syndrome is MEN type IIa; pheochromocytoma - medullary carcinoma of the thyroid - and hyperparathyroidism due to hyperplasia or tumor.
360. Sly’s syndrome is mucopolysaccharidosis (VII) - from beta-glucoronidase deficiency - resulting in hepatosplenomegaly - physical deformity from defect in degradation of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate.
361. Sneddon-Wilkinson disease is subcorneal pustular dermatosis; rare - chronic - recurrent pustular eruption characterized by subcorneal pustules that contain abundant neutrophils.
362. Spanish flu is 1918 influenza with 20-100 million deaths worldwide with 2.5% mortality (influenza normally 0.1% mortality).
363. Spider leg appearance of caluces on IVP is suggestive of – (PCKD) RENAL CYST.
364. Spigelian hernia is hernia through the linea semilunaris - aka spontaneous lateral ventral hernia.
365. Spurling’s test is for diagnosing cervical radiculopathy - exerting downward pressure on the head while rotating the head towards the symptomatic side creating pain radiating into affected extremity.
366. St. Jude valve is prosthetic valve - bileaflet - with two semicircular discs that pivot between open and closed positions without supporting struts - first used in 1977.
367. St. Vitus’s dance is Sydenham’s chorea.
368. Starr-Edwards valve is ball and cage valve - oldest prosthetic valve in continuous use - first used in 1965.
369. Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is aka progressive supranuclear palsy.
370. Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome is aka progressive supranuclear palsy.
371. Stein-Leventhal syndrome is polycystic ovarian disease.
372. Stellwag’s sign is incomplete and infrequent blinking in Graves’s disease.
373. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is extensive and symptomatic febrile form of erythema multiforme - more common in children; 1-6 cases/million person-years.
374. Stiff-man syndrome is chronic disorder of involuntary stiffness - painful muscle spasms - and rigidity - predominantly in the axial muscles; often occurs in conjunction with autoimmune diseases - particularly type I diabetes - associated with circulating antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
375. Stockholm syndrome is victims sympathizing with victimizer - e.g. - kidnapper; described after incident in summer of 1973 in Stockholm where hostages were taken in a failed bank robbery and after end of their captivity in six days - the hostages resisted rescue.
376. Stoppa repair is hernia repair using tension-free intraparietal prosthetic mesh.
377. Stransky’s sign is involuntary dorsiflexion of the toes after firmly abducting the 5th digit for 2 seconds - and then acutely letting it go in upper motor neuron defects.
378. Stroop test is stress test - also used for checking frontal function - where patients are tested for the ability to read off the text color of text spelling potentially different colors.
379. Stuart factor is factor X.
380. Sudeck’s syndrome is reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome occurring in older people characterized by cystic changes and subchondral erosion in bone - diffuse osteoporosis - and muscle atrophy - but not necessarily associated with trauma.
381. Sugiura procedure is for treating esophageal varices - esophageal and gastric devascularization - esophageal transaction
382. Susac syndrome is microangiopathy of the inner ear - retina - and brain leading to deafness - retinal artery occlusion - and encephalopathy.
383. Swedish porphyria is acute intermittent porphyria.
384. Swyer-James syndrome is in pediatrics - acquired hypoplastic lung that develops after severe obliterative bronchiolitis associated with bronchiolar obstruction - bronchiectasis - and distal air-space destruction.
385. Syme’s amputation is amputation at the ankle with removal of the malleoli and placement of the heel pad over the end of the remaining tibia; devised in 1842.