Medical Eponyms Letter H

123. HACEK group of organisms - HEMOPHILUS , ACTINOBACILLUS , CARDIOBACTERIUM , EIKINELLA and KINGINELLA.
124. Hageman factor is factor XII. Activated in Homocystinuria resulting in thrombosis.
125. Haldane effect is deoxygenated hemoglobin having a greater affinity for CO2 than oxygenated hemoglobin.
126. Ham’s test is for diagnosing paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - uses increased sensitivity of PNH-affected RBCs to lysis by complement; introduced in late 1930s.
127. Hamman-Rich syndrome is acute interstitial pneumonia - a rare fulminant form of lung injury that presents acutely (days to weeks from onset of symptoms) - most commonly occurs in previously healthy individual - characterized by a temporally uniform lesion which reflects an episode of acute lung injury at a single point in time (different from usual interstitial pneumonia where lesions are different age); path shows diffuse alveolar damage (a nonspecific reaction pattern).
128. Hampton’s line is radiolucent collar of granulation tissue across the base of an ulcer.
129. Hampton's hump, also Hampton hump, is a radiologic sign seen on chest X-rays indicating pulmonary infarction and classically due to pulmonary embolism induced atelectasis. It consists of a pleura based shallow wedge-shaped consolidation in the lung periphery with the base against the pleural surface. It is named after Aubrey Otis Hampton.(See also McConnell’s sign and Westermark sign)
130. Hangman’s fracture is fracture of pars interarticularis of C2 - hyperextension injury.
131. Hansel’s stain is special stain used to detect eosinophiluria on the urine sediment.
132. Harden-Young Ester is Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphate.
133. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is p^2 + 2pq + q^2 for describing the frequency of these genotypes; sexual reproduction doesn’t cause a constant reduction in genetic variation in each generation but remains constant.
134. Heberden’s nodes is characteristic in women - but not in men - represent prominent osteophytes at the DIP joints in osteoarthritis (enlargements of tubercles at the articular extremities of the distal phalanges.
135. Hegar’s sign is softening of the uterus at the junction between the cervix and the fundus during the first trimester of pregnancy.
136. Heimlich maneuver is abdominal thrust maneuver for clearing airway (blocked by foreign object - e.g. food) described in 1974 by Henry Heimlich.
137. Heister - spiral valves of is found in the neck of the gallbladder - where tiny folds of mucosal epithelium coalesce to form these valves - may assist in retaining bile between meals.
138. Hemoglobin Constant Spring is particularly common structural variant with alpha thalassemia in Asia - contains mutation which abolishes normal translation termination codon - so extra 31 residues read until another in-frame termination codon comes up.
139. Hemoglobin Lepore is no beta chain; delta chain by delta-beta hybrid.
140. Hering - canals of is at the fringes of the portal tract - from the joining of bile canaliculi.
141. Hering-Breuer reflex is stretch receptor (in smooth muscle of airways) reflex - responsible for apnea - i.e. decreased breathing frequency - as a result of lung inflation.
142. Herring bodies is neurosecretory granules consisting of either vasopressin or oxytocin in neurohypophysis.
143. Hers disease is type VI glycogen storage disease - deficiency in liver phosphorylase; presents as hepatomegaly and growth retardation; hypoglycemic - hyperlipidemia - and hyperketosis usually mild if present; hepatomegaly and growth retardation improve with age and usually disppear at puberty.
144. Heyde’s syndrome is association between bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia and severe aortic stenosis which may resolve with aortic valve replacement; may be explained by acquired type IIA von Willebrand’s syndrome; first described by Hyde in N Engl J Med 1958;259:196.
145. Heyde’s syndrome is association between bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia and severe aortic stenosis which may resolve with aortic valve replacement; may be explained by acquired type IIA von Willebrand’s syndrome; first described by Hyde in N Engl J Med 1958;259:196.
146. Hippocratic fingers is clubbing.
147. Hirschprung’s disease is megacolon; congenital disorder characterized by colonic dilatation proximal to an aganglionic - contracted distal colon and rectum; caused by gestational failure of neural crest cells to migrate to distal colon; an AD form has been reported with mutations of the RET gene - and an AR form with mutation of the endothelin-B-receptor gene.
148. Hitzig zones is in tabes dorsalis (syphilis) - regions of reduced sensation found in central face - nipples - ulnar forearms - and peroneal legs - leading to painless ulcers and joint damage.
149. Hoffmann's sign, named after the German neurologist, Johann Hoffmann (born 1857, Rheinhesse; died 1919, Heidelberg), is a finding elicited by a reflex test which verifies the presence or absence of problems in the corticospinal tract. It is also known as the finger flexor reflex. The test involves tapping the nail or flicking the terminal phalanx of the third or fourth finger. A positive response is seen with flexion of the terminal phalanx of the thumb.
150. Hollenhorst plaques is cholesterol emboli visible as small bright flecks lodged in arterial bifurcations in retina.
151. Holme’s heart is single ventricle with normally-related great arteries.
152. Holmes-Adie syndrome is frequently affects young women - large - often irregular pupils - unilateral at onset as well as segmental palsy and segmental spontaneous movement of the iris - delayed constriction in response to near vision - delayed redilation after near vision - impaired accommodation - absent light reflex - and absent deep tendon reflexes; may be caused by degeneration of ciliary ganglion - followed by aberrant reinnervation of the pupilloconstrictor muscles.
153. Homer-Wright pseudorosettes is in neuroblastoma - tumor cells arranged about a central space filled with fibrillar extensions of the cells.
154. Hoover’s sign is a modification in the movement of the costal margins during respiration - caused by a flattening of the diaphragm; suggestive of empyema or other intrathoracic condition causing a change in the contour of the diaphragm.
155. Hughes-Stovin syndrome is multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms with peripheral venous thrombosis.
156. Hunter’s syndrome is mucopolysaccharidosis (II) - iduronate sulfatase deficiency - X-linked - affecting degradation of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate - resulting in physical deformity and mental retardation - no corneal clouding.Hunter syndrome is A syndrome with variable manifestations exhibiting mainly microcephaly characteristic facies mental retardation short stature acral skeletal anomalies with occasional craniosynostosis and congenital heart defects.
157. Hutchinson freckle is lentigo maligna - a nonfamilial precursor to lentigo maligna melanoma
158. Hutchinson’s sign is pigment in the paronychial area suggesting melanoma.
159. Hutchinson’s teeth is smaller and more widely spaced than normal and are notched on their biting surfaces; sign of congenital syphilis.the diagnostic criteria of the congenital syphilis are called the hutchinsons triad and they are a- hutchinsons teeth,b- interstitial keratitis,c- eigth nerve deafness ( vestibulo cochlear nerve ).
160. Hutchinson-Guilford syndrome is aka progeria a condition in which the normal development of the first year is followed by gross retardation of growth - with a senile appearance characterized by dry wrinkled skin - total alopecia - and bird-like facies; genetics unclear.